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(Jim Hawkins' WLW Transmitter Page)
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Accessed times since October 20, 1998.
Jim Hawkins
5.00 ANALYSIS OF OPERATION - POWER RF AND AUDIO CIRCUITS
When analyzing the operation of the circuits employed in this equipment, reference should be made to schematic
diagram WW-7350119. [Unfortunately, no schematic has been found – JPH. L] It is assumed that the operating staff
is already familiar with the operation of the 50 KW Western Electric transmitter which is used as an RF driver
for the 500 KW equipment. Only those portions of the 50 KW circuit are shown which are interconnected with the
circuit of the 500 KW transmitter.
Considerable information may be obtained from the schematic diagram as to the physical location and interconnection
of the various items, although since the diagram is for analysis of operation, the relative positions of items
are not shown. For example, each item of electrical apparatus is designated by a symbol number shown on the diagram
adjacent to the symbol for the item in question. These numbers serve to tell in which transmitter unit the item
is located, thus:
| 100 series - Audio amplifier and modulator stages. 200 series - Power distribution panel, power apparatus and cooling apparatus. 300 series - Low power rectifier. 400 series - Main rectifier. 500 series - Power amplifiers. 600 series - Antenna house apparatus and harmonic filter. 700 series - Audio frequency equalizer and filter. 800 series - Control panel. 900 series - Operator’s Console. |
A few items of miscellaneous apparatus located at various points about the building are designated by symbol number from the series of that unit with which the item is most closely associated.
Two 2300 volt, 3 phase, 3 wire, 60 cycle underground cables, furnished by the customer, conduct 2300 volt power from the sub-station to the basement of the transmitter building. The 2300 volt basement bus may be connected to either cable by throwing three S.P.S.T. disconnect switches, furnished by the customer, for cable "A" or cable "B" as desired. These switches are so connected that the blades are supplied with voltage when the switches are open. Disconnecting switches are provided in the customer’s sub-station to permit either cable "A" or "B" to be completely disconnected when not in service.
The rectifier branch is first conducted to the oil circuit breaker unit in the basement, through disconnect
switches 421 located on that unit. Two potential transformers 427, protected by fuses 427-A, are provided for the
operation of the console 2300 volt line voltmeter 930. Any one of the three line-to-line voltages may be read,
or the meter may be disconnected, by operation of line voltmeter transfer switch 951. Two current transformers
411 are mounted in the O.C.B. unit with their primaries in the 2300 volt line to the rectifier. The secondaries
are connected to the coils of the AC overcurrent relays 821-B on the control panel.
The three pole oil circuit breakers, 415 and 417, are provided for applying and removing plate power for the main
rectifier. The starting breaker 415 is closed first applying voltage to the plate transformers 404 through starting
resistors 416. These starting resistors are provided to absorb the switching transient which might otherwise apply
abnormally high transient voltages to plate transformers 404 and rectifier tubes 401. The "run" OCB 417
is closed about one second after breaker 415, short circuiting each of the three starting resistors 416.
The other circuit breakers 414-A are provided for automatically switching the primary windings of the three single
phase plate transformers 404 to the wye or delta connection. This change in primary connection changes the transformer
output voltage by the factor 1.732 (square root of three), the delta connection giving the higher voltage. The
use of the delta-wye oil circuit breakers provides a convenient means of obtaining a low voltage for testing since
the DC output voltage of the rectifier changes directly with the plate transformer output voltage. The transformation
ratio of the three plate transformers is such as to provide a rectifier DC output voltage of approximately 12,000
for normal operation with the primaries connected delta, and approximately 7000 volts for warming up periods and
testing with the primaries connected wye. The plate transformer secondaries are connected delta at all times. Plus
and minus 5% and 10% voltage taps are provided in the primary windings of plate transformers 404 for minor manual
adjustment of the plate voltage if required. It is extremely important that the tap changing switches of the three
transformers are all in the same position when the windings are energized.
The rectifier starting O.C.B., 415 has a much higher interrupting capacity than the other oil circuit breakers
since breaker 415 is the only one required to interrupt overloads and reclose immediately. All four oil circuit
breakers are solenoid operated to permit changes in their status from the operator’s console or in the operation
of the automatic control circuit as described in Chapter 7.00.
The three high voltage AC lines for the rectifier input are conducted from outdoor plate transformers, 404, to
the rectifier unit through plate transformer output switch, 422, located overhead in the rectifier compartment.
An auxiliary switch, 422-A, attached to the mechanism for 422, is opened. Both switches are operated by the handle
across the rectifier access door and are provided for protection of personnel.
Each of the six active rectifier tubes, 401, is provided with an arc back indicator, 403, in the anode circuit
which trips a target on reverse current, indicating which tube has arced back or passed current in the reverse
direction during the normally non-conducting portion of the cycle.
5.022 Filament M-G Motors
The 2300 volt, 3 phase, 60 cycle supply for the motors of the three filament MG sets, 211, is conducted to the
machines through switches, 205, fuses, 206, and starters, 207. Each machine is provided with three SPST disconnects
which may be used (at no load) to keep a machine from operating. In this case it is necessary to disconnect the
filament generator from the load bus and to remove sufficient filament load so as not to overload the machines
in operation. Starters, 207, are controlled by the operation of the automatic control circuit. Two current transformers
are provided in the 2300 volt lines in each starter to operate thermal overloads. These devices directly open the
coil circuit of a starter on sustained overload as explained in Chapter 7.00. The motors, 211, have sufficient
reactance to permit the use of the linestart principle in starters 207.
5.03 220-Volt AC Circuits
The 220-volt, three-phase, 60 cycle power for this equipment is used to supply the following pieces of apparatus:
1. Bias motor generator sets
2. Spray pond pumps
3. Tube water pumps
4. Low power rectifier plate transformer
5. Low power rectifier filament transformer
6. Shop motor generator set
7. Main rectifier filament transformers
Each of the circuits to the various items listed above has a switch and fuses mounted on the distribution panel
as described in section 4.13. In the case of the bias motor generator sets, the spray pond pump, the tube water
pump and the shop machine, three-phase contactors are included for starting. These contactors are also mounted
on the distribution panel. The contactors have thermal overload relays of the "grasshopper" type mounted
on them. In case an overload causes the operation of one of these relays, it is necessary to reset it by hand.
This is done by pulling on the string which hangs from the contactor.
The circuits to the remainder of the apparatus run directly from the distribution panel to the apparatus
involved.
5.04 115 VOLT AC CIRCUITS
Certain auxiliary and convenience devices in the equipment, which should be energized when the transmitter equipment is shut down, are supplied from the 115 volt, single phase, 60 cycle station lighting supply. The customer's fuses for this circuit are located in the main fuse box in the transmitter control room.
The Telechron motor for the time clock switch, 810, on the control panel, is supplied continuously from this source. This switch is used for turning on the main rectifier filaments automatically at a predetermined time each day.
The motor for the harmonic filter air blower 601 is supplied from the 115 volt source for either 50 KW or 500 KW operation by means of contacts on the rectifier starting 0CB 415 and on 50 KW interlock relay, 822.
On the console, electric clock 934, and convenience outlets 935, are supplied continuously from the station lighting supply. When the overmodulation indicator input switch 963 is closed, filament transformer 962, and overmodulation indicator "on" light 977 are also energized. As soon as carrier relay 980 closes its contacts, carrier "on" light (neon), 952, is energized from this supply.
The closing of switch 963 also energizes antenna rectifier filament transformer 622, in the antenna house, through rheostat 623, and causes voltmeter 621, across the secondary of the transformer to read 10 volts for normal operation.
Battery charger 151 in the high power audio unit is operated from the 115 volt supply through fuse 181 when switch 180 is closed.
5.05 SHOP MACHINE 125-VOLT DC CIRCUITS IS MISSING
The 125-volt DC power is used to supply the following circuits:
| 1. Air blower [pencil-crossed out in book] 2. Bias M.G. set fields [pencil-crossed out in book] 3. Filament M.G. set fields [pencil-crossed out in book] 4. All control circuits, relays, etc., except the high current closing and tripping circuits of the oil circuit breakers. |
The line voltmeter 245 and voltage control rheostat 244 are mounted on the distribution panel. Each of the above listed circuits has a separate switch and fuse mounted on the distribution panel as described in section 4.13.
The air blower circuits include the time delay starting equipment and the speed control. Both of these pieces of apparatus are mounted on the distribution panel. The information for care and adjustment of the starter will be found in an instruction pamphlet in Chapter 12.00.
The bias M.G. set fields are supplied through a common switch 229 and fuse 230. The circuit, after leaving the switch and the fuse, passes through relay contacts 227 shunted by resistor 228 which keeps the field current to a safe value when the machines are not running. From here the circuits leave the distribution panel, branching out to each separate field rheostat, the field coils and back to the machine.
The filament M.G. set fields are all supplied by a circuit similar to that of the bias M.G. set fields. The
current flows through a switch 218 and fuse 219, relay contacts 813 shunted by resistor 217, the filament generator
field rheostat 908, the field circuits of the machine and back to the shop generators.
The power for the control circuit is obtained through a switch 248 and fuses 249 on the distribution panel. From
here it goes to the various branches of the control circuit in all units.
The negative DC supply line is grounded.
5.06 Battery 125 Volt DC Circuits
The customer’s 125 volt battery is used for operating the substation oil circuit breakers and the oil circuit breakers
in the 500 KW equipment. It is also used as a source of constant DC voltage for the overmodulation indicator.
An 85 ampere Convertifuse plug type switch has been provided in the customer’s battery fuse box for protection
of the battery control circuits in the 500 KW equipment. The two battery cables are connected from these fuses
directly to the oil circuit breaker unit. The battery-operated portions of the control circuit are described in
Chapter 7.00.
The battery circuit for the overmodulation indicator in the console is provided with a separate switch 985 and
fuse 986 in the customer’s battery fuse box. Switch 985 must be turned to the "off" position before the
main 85 ampere fuses are removed to avoid burn-out of the battery "on" light 913 due to the inductive
voltage present when the battery circuit is interrupted. The battery circuit to the console is used for the overmodulation
indicator supply when the input switch 963 is closed. The circuits of this device are described in section 5.14.
Switch 963 has one pole in the 115 volt AC supply to the overmodulation indicator so that one switch interrupts
both voltages.
5.07 DC Filament Circuits
When the equipment is operating normally, all filament generators 211 are in use. The machines are paralleled on
a common bus which runs on the ceiliing of the basement underneath the three power amplifiers and the two modulators.
The filament power for each unit is taken from this bus into each cell by means of heavy cables. These cables are
connected to the filament switches and to the filament bus in each unit. A filament voltmeter circuit and a "filament
on" relay circuit complete the DC filament circuits. These circuits are connected to the positive filament
bus in the basement through fuse 987 beneath PA-1. The transmitter unit negative filament bus is grounded in each
unit; the basement negative bus is not grounded in the basement.
5.08 Bias Voltage Circuits
The bias voltage generated by either of the bias M.G. sets are delivered first to the distribution panel. There
a three-pole double-throw switch selects the supply from either set of generators and delivers it to the common
bias circuits. The circuits on the distribution panel include a relay for each bias supply and voltmeter multipliers
for the voltmeter associated with the bias supply. The relays operate so as to prevent the application of the plate
power unless bias voltage is applied to the tubes.
In addition, the bias supply for the radio frequency amplifiers is filtered by means of a bank of capacitors, 543,
mounted in the rear of the distribution panel. From the distribution panel the bias circuits proceed to the various
units.
5.09 Plate Voltage Circuits - (Water Cooled Tubes)
The main rectifier supplies plate voltage for all the water cooled tubes in the transmitter. The three phase, full
wave circuit is employed. In this circuit, the anode of one tube, 401, and the cathode of another are connected
to each high voltage AC line from plate transformer, 404, so that both halves of the AC voltage wave are rectified.
Two tubes operate in series, and each pair of tubes carries current one third of the time.
The rectifier filter is composed of reactor, 425, in the negative (grounded) lead and capacitor bank, 426, across
the load. The rectifier negative terminal is grounded through meter shunt, 429-A, to the negative filament buss
in the basement. This negative filament bus is the plate current return for all the tubes supplied by the main
rectifier.
Meter, 429, on the rectifier panel, in connection with shunt, 429-A, indicates the total DC load current supplied
by the rectifier. Voltmeter multiplier resistor bank, 430, behind the rectifier tube unit, supplies the two rectifier
DC output voltmeters, 433, on the rectifier panel and 906 on the console. Voltmeter protective resistor, 431, is
used to prevent the possibility of high voltage on the rectifier panel or in the console in case one of the voltmeters
becomes open circuited.
The plate voltage supply for the RCA-648 high power audio amplifier tubes, 139, is connected through the overhead
manual disconnect switch, 169, in the basement to the primary mid-taps of HPA output transformers, 148. The primary
windings are so connected that the flux due to the DC current is balanced out. The plate current circuit for each
tube utilizes the paralleled half-primary windings in the two transformers. A plate ammeter, 144, DC overcurrent
relay coil, 143, and indicating relay coil, 140, shunted by coil protective resistor, 142, and a surge current
limiting resistor, 141, are connected in series with the plate of each RCA-848 tube.
DC plate current for each modulator is supplied through its isolation switch 184 and meter shunt 163-A to the primary
mid-point of its modulation transformer 160. The flux due to the DC current in the modulation transformers 160
is balanced out. Each shunt 163-A supplies a modulator total plate ammeter 163 on the modulator panel. These meters
have been calibrated by means of calibrating rheostats 191.
The plate circuit of each modulator tube 155 is provided with an individual plate protective resistor 159 and overcurrent
relay coil 157; the latter is shunted by protective resistor 158. A portion of each plate protective resistor 159
is used as a shunt for an individual modulator plate ammeter 156. Meters 156? Have been calibrated with rheostats
156-A.
The common positive plate voltage supply lead for the three power amplifiers is connected to the rectifier through
modulation reactor 166. The modulation reactor is connected so as to use the constant current system of plate modulation
for the RF amplifiers. Safety gap 197, in series with current limiting resistor, 198, is shunted across the modulation
reactor 166 so as to absorb the stored energy in the reactor in case the DC current to the power amplifiers is
suddenly interrupted. This might occur in case the crystal oscillator in the RF exciter ceased to function.
The secondaries of the modulation transformer 160 have DC voltage on them but the DC current is blocked off by
modulator coupling capacitor bank 165.
DC plate current for each PA is supplied through its isolation switch 527 at the mid-points of the two plate protective
resistor banks in each unit. The plate circuit of each PA tube contains the protective resistor 511, DC overcurrent
relay coil 512 shunted by coil resistor 512-A, plate ammeter 513 by-passed by capacitor 514, RF plate choke 510
and parasitic choke 509.
5.10 RF Excitation
RF Excitation for the grids of the 500 KW power amplifier tubes is supplied from the output of the customer’s Western
Electric 50 KW broadcast transmitter, which is not modulated when used as an exciter. The driving power is inductively
coupled from the tank of the 50 KW stage. A double pole double throw RF switch is used to permit a transfer of
the output from the circuit leading to the antenna to the circuit supplying the grids of the 500 KW amplifier.
The two load circuits are balanced so that no appreciable change in the 50 KW tank tuning or loading is required
in changing from 50 KW to 500 KW operation. For 500 KW operation the exciter output is fed into a balanced load
while for 50 KW operation one side of the transmission line is grounded.
For 50 KW operation, the output RF switch in the exciter is connected to the input of the concentric tubing transmission
line which leads to the harmonic filter through switch 604 on that unit. Switch 604 must also be in the position
for 50 KW operation. When in this position, auxiliary switch 604-A is closed to short circuit various interlocks
in the 500 KW control circuit which, if open during 500 KW operation, would remove 50 KW exciter plate voltage.
To modulate the transmitter for 50 KW output, it is of course necessary to switch the audio input from the audio
amplifier in the 500 KW equipment to the audio amplifier in the 50 KW equipment. When rapid change from 50 KW to
500 KW output is desired, it is permissible to apply plate voltage to the 500 KW amplifier before RF excitation
is applied.
For 500 KW operation, the RF exciter output switch is thrown to connect the exciter output coupling coil to the
overhead line to the 500 KW PA grid load resistor unit. This unit was formerly the phantom antenna for the 50 KW
transmitter. The twelve ohm resistor plate assemblies are now connected in series across the line with mid-point
grounded. Each assembly contains three resistor groups connected in series and each group contains eight parallel
110 ohm (nominal) ohmapun plates. The measured DC resistance of the complete unit was326 ohms line to line. Four
UC-2513, 0.0012 mfd. Capacitors in parallel are utilized in series with each line from the exciter to secure matched
exciter loading for 50 KW and 500 KW operation. The line to the grids of the 500 KW amplifiers is a two conductor
balanced line inside a shielding tube. This line is on the basement ceiling. It branches into three lines of equal
length leading to the grid circuits of the three power amplifiers through grid RF isolation switches 524. When
a power amplifier is isolated, these switches disconnect and ground both lines leading to the PA grid circuit for
the desired unit on the floor above.
5.11 RF Power Amplifiers
The 500 KW power amplifier, operating on 700 KC, is composed of three identical unit amplifiers normally working
together with their input circuits paralleled at the grid load resistor unit and their output coupling coils in
series.Each PA delivers approximately 167 KW carrier power or one third the total power. The amplifier is divided
into three physically separate shielded compartments to permit servicing operations when necessary in one unit
while the remaining units continue to carry the program at a reduced power level.
Each amplifier is complete in itself with its own radio frequency and power circuits. There are four RCA-862 100
KW water cooled tubes 501 in each amplifier connected in push-pull with two tubes on each side of a balanced circuit.
Grid line blocking capacitors 547 and series resistors 548 are connected in series with each line to each PA. The
blocking capacitors permit reading of DC grid current in each PA unit and prevent the possibility of PA bias being
present in the grid load resistor unit. Resistors 548 are utilized for stabilization. The three grid tank circuits
are permanently adjusted to resonate at the operating frequency. Bias voltage is supplied at the center of the
grid tank coil 503 through the self bias resistors 553 and grid RF choke 504. The low RF voltage end of the choke
is by-passed to ground by capacitor 541. One grid tank capacitor 502 is mounted close to the grid and filament
connections of each PA tube to keep the grid-filament RF circuit short in order to prevent the possibility of parasitic
oscillations. The grid chuck assembly of each tube is combined with a resistor 549 surrounded by a choke 550 to
further stabilize the grid circuit. The two grid tank capacitors 502 on each side of the circuit are provided with
a common safety spark gap 442.
The plate tank capacitor assembly 517 for each unit consists of two similar air-dielectric capacitor banks in series
with their common point grounded to the negative filament bus.
The plate tank inductance 521 is a spiral wound or "pancake" coil. The secondary or output coupling coil
522 is a flat spiral similar to the tank coil. An electronstatic shield consisting of a large number of parallel
conductors in a plane is interposed between the tank and coupling coils to reduce the electrostatic coupling between
them. The conductors in the shield are connected together at the top and grounded. Plate tank tuning and loading
may be varied by front of panel controls. The tuning variation is accomplished by rotation of half the outer tank
coil turn about a vertical axis in the plane of the coil. The loading variation is performed by moving the output
coupling coil with respect to the tank coil by means of the panel control.
The tank ammeter 520 is operated from a standard interchangeable thermocouple, 519-A, rated 5 amp, RF, 10 millivolts
DC. RF is supplied to the thermocouple from a one-turn coupling coil 519 (provided by the customer) loosely coupled
to the tank coil. This scheme is used in lieu of the 160/5 ampere RF current transformer originally supplied with
the equipment to permit more direct grounding of the low voltage tank capacitor plates. A calibrating rheostat
519-B is provided adjacent to each tank ammeter 520. The rheostat setting should not be changed unless a standard
RF ammeter is available for checking readjustment.
DC voltage is blocked off the tank capacitor and coil by means of an individual plate blocking capacitor 515 for
each tube. A static drain for the tank circuit is provided by RF choke coil 518.
Neutralizing capacitors 516 are connected from the grid circuit of one side to the plate circuit of the opposite
side of each amplifier in the conventional balanced bridge circuit.
A plate parasitic choke 509 is connected directly in series with the plate of each tube. A safety gap 509-A is
connected across each choke and another gap 551 is applied between plate leads on each side.
The DC plate circuit of each tube is protected from RF by a choke coil 510. The DC plate circuit for each tube
contains a plate ammeter 513, the coil of a DC overcurrent relay 512 and a section of plate protective resistor
bank 511. Each plate ammeter 513, tank ammeter 520 and DC grid ammeter 505 is shunted by an RF bypass capacitor
514. A resistor 512-A is shunted across thecoil of each DC overcurrent relay 512 to prevent the possibility of
breaking down the insulation between turns if a rapid change of current produces a high voltage across the coil.
The normally open and normally closed contacts of these relays are insulated for full plate voltage from the coil.
These contacts are the control circuits described in Chapter 7.00.
The two filament busses in each PA are supplied from the basement filament busses by heavy cables for each unit.
Filament voltage may be applied in two steps manually, when the filament MG’s 211 are already in operation, by
first closing filament start switch 507 and then closing filament run switch 506 a few seconds later. When switch
507 onluy is closed, filament starting resistors 508 are in series with the tube filament load. These resistors
are not designed for continuous operation so switch 507 should be closed not more than 15 seconds before switch
505 is closed.
Starting resistors 508 are used to prevent the inrush current to the cold tungsten filaments of the RCA-862s from
reaching a dangerously high value. The precautions listed on the nameplate between switches 506 and 507 should
be carefully followed. A print of this nameplate (NP-59031) is included here for reference. The operator should
immediately adjust the filament voltage to the correct value when switches 506 and 507 are operated, since the
change in load produces slight change in the output voltage of filament generators 211. The filament voltage may
be adjusted by rheostats 908 and meter 907 located on the console.
The negative filament bus is grounded to the frame in each PA unit while the basement negative bus is ungrounded
to prevent the possibility of undesired return current paths. The positive filament connection for each RCA-862
tube is made through a filament fuse 552.
5.12 RF Harmonic Filter
The output coupling coil of PA-1 is grounded at one end through its isolation switch 525. The coupling coil of
PA-3 is at highest voltage. The three coupling coils in series constitute the input inductive section of a single
"T" section low pass filter. The remainder of the filter is located in a shielded unit below ground level.
The purpose of the filter is to reduce the radiation of RF harmonics by greatly attenuating them before they reach
the RF transmission lilne or any part of the radiating system. The other inductive leg of the filter is coil 602
which is in a separately shielded compartment. The capacitive or shunt section of the filter is composed of the
bank of capacitors 603. These also are in a separately shielded compartment provided with an air blower 601.
Since the second harmonic frequency (1400 KC) falls within the broadcast band and is the strongest harmonic
present in the output, a special trap circuit is provideed across the transmission line input to further attenuate
currents of this frequency. This trap consists of an inductance 628 and capacitor bank 629 operated in series resonance
at 1400 KC. A flipper control is provided for inductance variation, but this should remain locked in position since
the circuit tunes very sharply and optimum adjustment can only be determined by FR harmonic field strength measurements
at a point remote from the station. The use of the second harmonic trap is optional.
The main harmonic filter coil 602 is directly connected to the center or high voltage conductor of the concentric
tubinig transmission line. This line, when properly terminated, presents a non-reactive load of 100 ohms to the
output of the harmonic filter.
5.13 RF Line Terminating and Antenna Tuning
Apparatus
The radio frequency transmission line conducts the transmitter output power to the antenna house. Here the antenna
load is matched to the characteristic impedance of the RF transmission line, and its reactive component is tuned
out. This adjustment results in a minimum of reflection on the transmission line. The antenna house apparatus consists
essentially of a shunt capacitor 611 across the base insulator of the vertical radiator antenna to match the antenna
resistance to the characteristic impedance of the line and an inductance 607 between the high voltage transmission
line conductor and the antenna to tune out the capacity reactance of the antenna and antenna-to-ground capacitor
network.
An RF current transformer 605, thermocouple 605-A and ammeter 606 are utilized to measure the current input to
the antenna network. Since this metering apparatus is connected in the high voltage line, the entire assembly is
insulated from ground for the full transmission line voltage.
An antenna grounding switch 610 and horn gap 608 are connected across the antenna-ground shunt capacitor 611. The
horn gap is for lightning protection and performs a function similar to the customer’s safety gap across the base
insulator. The antenna circuit may be grounded during severe lightning storms when the transmitter is not in use
and should always be grounded when any person is working on the antenna house apparatus or tower.
5.14 Antenna Rectifier and Associated Circuits
An antenna rectifier is provided in the antenna house which furnishes modulated DC, proportional to the antenna
current envelope to the transmitter building. This is used for the operation of the antenna ammeter, overmodulation
indicator and carrier "on" light on the console. The modulated DC may also be used to operate a string
oscillograph if desired.
RF energy is coupled from antenna loading coil 607 by means of antenna rectifier coupling coil 609. The coupling
may be varied by moving this coil with respect to coil 607 on the rotatable arm supplied for the purpose. Capacitor
627 is provided to tune coil 609, resulting in higher RF voltage on the input of antenna rectifier tube 620 (RCA-217-C).
The filament of this tube is lighted from the 115 volt station lighting supply as described in section 5.04. The
RF circuit is from the coupling tank, through the rectifier tube 620, through filament bypass capacitors 626 and
RF bypass capacitor 624 back to the coupling tank. The DC component (modulated DC) flows through coupling coil
609, rectifier tube 620, filament transformer secondary 622, carrier on relay coil 980 and shunt resistor 984,
carrier potentiometer 957, antenna ammeter 901 paralleled with its adjusting potentiometer 902, through linearity
resistor 625 back to coupling coil 609.
Linearity resistor 625 is several times the tube drop resistance of rectifier tube 620. The tube resistance
unavoidably varies somewhat with the current over a modulation cycle but this does not introduce appreciable distortion
since the varying resistance is so small a part of the total resistance. Resistor 625 has a total resistance of
10,000 ohms and is tapped at 7500 and 5000 ohms. Greater current outputs can be secured with the lower resistance
values and improved linearity can be obtained at the higher resistance values.
The three devices on the operator’s console which operate from the modulated DC output of the antenna rectifier
will not be considered.
The antenna ammeteer 901 is a DC milliameter designed to give full scale deflection at 100 ma DC. One advantage
of the use of the antenna rectifier is that it permits the utilization of a linear scale antenna ammetere rather
than the customary square law scale thermocouple type instrument. Potentiometer 902 may be used for vernier adjustments
when bringing the reading of the console antenna ammeter 901 into agreement with the reading of antenna ammeter
606 in the antenna house.
Symbols 952, 960 and 983 represent apparatus connected with the carrier "on" light circuit. The contacts
of the carrier relay 980 close the 115 volt circuit to carrier "on" light 952 when the relay coil is
energized from the output of the antenna rectifier. Coil shunt rheostat 984 is used to prevent overheating the
coil of relay 960 when the antenna rectifier output current is adjusted for a high value to permit large deflections
on a string oscillograph, etc. Capacitor 981 in series with resistor 983 is also shunted across the coil of relay
980. If rheostat 980 is turned to the "off" position for normal operation, coil 980, capacitor 981 and
resistor 983 form a network, the impedance of which does not change appreciably with frequency.
Symbols 961 to 977 inclusive represent apparatus in the overmodulation indicator. A simplified schematic diagram
and an operating diagram are shown on print H-5170722. [Sorry, I don’t have the diagram. - JPH] The PG-81 Thyratron
961 was applied to this circuit since its characteristics do not change appreciably with room temperature. The
filament is heated by transformer 962 from the 115 volt station lighting supply through switch 963 as described
in section 5.04.
The secondary midpoint of filament transformer 962 is not at ground potential. The grid bias voltage impressed
between this point and the grid of Thyratron 961 is derived from two additive sources. The voltage drop in potentiometer
967 demodulated DC from the antenna rectifier tends to bias the grid negatively as does the voltage drop in potentiometer
976 (and resistor 975) across the 125 volt battery supply.
If the bias Thyratron 961 is reduced to a sufficiently low value (approximately four volts negative, depending
on the plate voltage) plate current will start to flow. From the operating diagram on H-5170722 it is apparent
that the Thyratron may be adjusted to indicate negative peaks of modulation, since only the negative peaks can
reduce the total bias to a low enough value to cause plate current to flow. The positive modulation peaks increase
the bias still further beyond cutoff than the total bias for carrier only.
When the plate current is once started in a Thyratron, the grid cannot adjust? Gain control to stop plate current
until the plate voltage has been removed or made negative. In this device the plate current is interrupted by relay
971which has its coil and normally closed contacts both in series with the plate circuit. As soon as the plate
current stops, the normally closed contacts close and the cycle is repeated. If the overmodulation is sustained,
relay 971 operates as a buzzer producing an audible warning of overmodulation. Referring again to main schematic
diagram WW-7350119, the interrupted plate current produces a voltage across the contacts of relay 971 which is
sufficient to light the neon indicator lamp 974 for a visual warning of overmodulation. Capacitor 972 and resistor
973 are utilized to minimize sparking at the contacts of relay 971. Resistor 970 is also in series with the Thyratron
plate circuit to limit the circuit current in case of failure of the tube.
Capacitor 964 and choke 966 operate as an RF filter to prevent the possibility of any RF voltages on the Thyratron
grid. Grid resistor 965 is used to limit the grid current to a safe value under all operating conditions.
Overmodulation voltmeter 969 has a double scale that can be transferred into either of two circuits by means of
switch 968. (On print H-5170722, this meter is shown in each circuit for simplicity.) When switch 968 is in one
position (down, on diagram WW-7350119) meter 969 reads battery bias voltage from potentiometer 976 on its lower
or 5 volt DC scale. When switch 968 is in the other position, multiplier 967 is connected in series with the meter
to extend its range to 25 volts DC and the meter deflection is due to the rectified RF voltage across potentiometer
967. The upper scale for this position of switch 968 is calibrated in percentages of modulation to which the device
can be adjusted so that an alarm will be given if the percentage is exceeded. The calibration is from 50% to 96%
modulation.
To operate this device, the following adjustments are required. With the antenna rectifier in operation, set carrier
potentiometer 967 to give zero voltage as indicated on the upper or percentage modulation scale of meter 969. Switch
the meter to the other scale and adjust bias potentiometer 976 to the voltage where the Thyratron just fails to
pass current. The passage of current is indicated by the buzzing of relay 971 and by neon light 974. Carrier potentiometer
967 is then adjusted to arbitrarily bias the grid more negatively due to rectified RF. The amount need not be checked,
but it must exceed one volt. Then adjust bias potentiometer 976 to one volt lower (less negative) bias than that
previously obtained for cut off. Carrier potentiometer 967 was adjusted for an increased negative voltage so that
plate current flow would not influence the second adjustment of bias potentiometer 976. Voltmeter 969 is then switched
to the "carrier" position in which the reading is determined by carrier potentiometer 967. The meter
reading can now be adjusted to indicate the desired percentage modulation which if exceeded will cause the alarm
to be given.
The operating diagram on H-5170722 shows the voltage relations for the alarm to be given when the modulation exceeds
90%. The modulation percentage indicated by the AC wave is the critical value which if exceeded will result in
the passage of plate current through Thyratron 961. The battery bias voltage on this diagram is adjusted to one
volt less than cut-off which is here assumed to be minus 4 volts. The carrier voltmeter 969 reads bias due to rectified
RF only, not total bias, when switched to the carrier position. If this rectifier carrier bias is made equal to
10 volts and the battery bias has been "stepped back" one volt from cut off, it can be seen that the
plate current will pass on a negative peak of modulation which reduces the total instantaneous bias to 4 volts
or less and that such a peak of modulation will be 90% or greater. The upper scale of the carrier voltmeter is
marked "90%" at this point and is calibrated for corresponding percentages for other values of rectified
RF bias. It should be noted that a change in radiated power from the transmitter will cause a change in the percentage
modulation at which the alarm is given. The alarm is also given in case the transmitter carrier goes off the air.
5.15 Plate Voltage Circuits (Audio Amplifier)
Plate power for all of the air cooled tubes in the High Power Audio Amplifier is obtained from the Low Power Rectifier.
This rectifier utilizes the conventional three phase, full wave circuit. In this circuit, the anode of one tube
306 and the cathode of another are connected to each high voltage AC line from the plate transformer 307, so that
both halves of the AC voltage wave are rectified. Two tubes operate in series, and each pair of tubes carries current
one third of the time.
The rectifier filter is composed of the reactor 308 in the negative (grounded) lead and the capacitor 149
across the load. The negative lead is grounded through the over current relay 310. Voltmeter 311 in connection
with the voltmeter multiplier resistor 312 indicates the output voltage of the rectifier.
The full output voltage of the rectifier is delivered to the RCA-849 stage and the first RCA-211 stage. The plate
voltage for the second RCA-211 stage is obtained from potentiometers 313 and 314. Capacitor 150 acts as additional
filter for the RCA-211 plate supply and also as a low reactance path to ground for the audio frequency components
of RCA-211 plate current.
The plate current for each of the RCA-211 tubes in the first stage is indicated on separate plate current meters
114. Similarly the plate current for the second RCA-211 stage is indicated on separate plate current meters 124.
The meters 134 read the plate current for each RCA-849.
5.16 High Pass Filter and Equalizer
The high pass filter was supplied to prevent excessively high voltages from appearing across the modulation coupling
capacitor, the modulation reactor, and the main rectifier filter. This can occur if modulation of high amplitude
at a frequency in the order of twenty-three cycles is present in the audio line. The high pass filter attenuates
frequencies of this order approximately fifteen decibels more than frequencies in the band of thirty to ten thousand
cycles [bandpass = 30 HZ to 10 KHZ – JPH], consequently the possibility of dangerously high voltages existing on
the audio input to the High Power Audio Amplifier is eliminated.
The equalizer is supplied to compensate for the attenuation of frequencies in the band of thirty to one hundred
cycles which is present in the audio amplifying system. This is accomplished in the equalizer by adjusting it to
pass thirty cycles without attenuation and to gradually increase attenuation of frequencies from thirty to one
hundred cycles whereupon the attenuation is constant for frequencies in excess of one hundred cycles. The attenuation
of the equalizer is adjusted for approximately two decibels at one hundred cycles.
5.17 Audio Amplifier
The audio amplifier is composed of four stages, each stage having two tubes operated in push pull so as to minimize
even harmonic distortion.
The input to the first stage is obtained from the audio line amplifiers. Approximately zero decibels (12.5 milliwatts)
is required for full output. The? "H" pad 101 and 102, is automatically inserted in the input line by
means of relay 105 in case any unit is isolated; the attenuation is also automatically provided during "step-start"
application of rectifier voltage. This cuts down the level the proper amount to prevent overloading or overmodulation
which would otherwise occur. The input transformer 104 is loaded by resistors 105 so that presents a 500 ohm load
to the audio line. Bias for the first stage tubes is obtained from the 1500 volt bias generator by means of potentiometer
107 and 108. The bias is by-passed by capacitor 106. Filament voltage for each tube is obtained from the main filament
bus. Resistors 110 and 111 are used to drop the voltage to the proper value. A switch, 112, is inserted in the
circuit to reverse? Filament voltage when necessary. Plate power for the first stage is obtained from the 3000
volt supply through resistors 113 which serve to reduce the voltage to the proper value and also to act as the
plate load for the first stage. The output of the first stage is coupled by means of capacitors 115 to the grid
circuit of the second stage.
The bias voltage for the second stage is obtained from the 1500 volt supply by means of potentiometer 117 and 118.
It is applied to the grids of the tubes through resistors 116 and is bypassed by capacitor 117. Filament power
is obtained from the 33 volt bus through switch 123 and is adjusted to the proper voltage by resistors 121 and
122. Plate power is obtained from the potentiometer across the 3000 volt supply and is applied to the tubes through
transformer 104?. The secondaries of this transformer are loaded by resistors 126 so as to present the proper load
resistance to the tubes of the second stage.
Grid excitation for the third stage is obtained from the secondaries of transformer 123. Bias for each tube
of the third stage is obtained from the 1500 volt bias generator by means of individual resistors 127 and fixed
resistor 129. The bias is bypassed by the capacitor 128. Filament power is obtained from the 33 volt bus through
switch 133 and is adjusted to the proper voltage by resistors 131 and 132. Plate power is obtained from the 3000
volt rectifier through the primaries of transformer 135. The secondaries of this transformer are loaded by resistors
136 to present the proper load resistance to the plate circuit of the tubes of the third stage.
Grid excitation for the fourth stage is obtained from the secondaries of transformer 135. Bias for the fourth stage
is obtained from the 1500 volt bias generator. In addition, separate bias voltages for each tube can be adjusted
by use of the bias trimmer battery 138 which is in series with the main bias generator. Each bias lead is bypassed
by capacitor 137. Filament power for the fourth stage is obtained from the 33 volt bus through switch 146 and adjusted
to the proper value by means of resistors 145. Plate power is obtained from the main plate rectifier. It is fed
through the primaries of two separate transformers 418 which are connected in parallel. The individual plate ammeters
144, the overcurrent relays 143, indicating relays 140, overcurrent relay protective resistors 142, and surge current
limiting resistors 141, are included in the plate lead to each tube. The plate of each tube is water cooled by
water from the distilled water circulating system. Each transformer 148 has two secondaries which are connected
by means of isolation switch 152 to the grid circuit of each modulator.
5.18 Modulators
The modulator is divided into two similar units. Each unit has four tubes, type RCA-862. These tubes are connected
in pairs, each pair being connected in parallel and then utilized as a push pull amplifier. The grid circuit includes
a load resistor 153 for each pair of tubes. These resistors are designed to present the proper load through transformers
148 to the tubes of the fourth stage. Bias for the modulators is obtained from the 125 volt bias generator. Separate
bias voltage for each pair of modulator tubes is obtained by means of the bias trimmer battery 147 which is connected
in series with the bias supply. The bias is bypassed by capacitor 154. Filament power is obtained from the 33 volt
bus through start switch 175, starting resistors 162 and run switch 161. The grid circuit has in series with each
tube a resistor 193 shunted by a choke coil 193A. Also, the grids of each pair of tubes are bypassed by capacitor
194. The resistors, chokes, and capacitors stabilize the tubes under transient conditions.
Plate power for each modulator is obtained from the main rectifier and passes through totaling ammeter shunt
163-A, then through transformer 160. The plate circuit for each tube includes the surge limiting resistor 159,
individual plate meters 156 and calibrating rheostats 156-A, the overcurrent relays 157 and overcurrent relay protective
resistors 158. The total current for each modulator is indicated on meter 163 which operates in conjunction with
shunt 163-A.
The output circuits of the transformers 160 are connected in series by means of the isolation switch 185. The output
is coupled to the load by means of coupling capacitor 165 and the modulation reactor 166.
Cooling water for each modulator tube is supplied from the distilled water circulating system. Cooling air for
the filament and plate seals of each tube is obtained from the air supply.
Filament fuses 193 are included in series with the positive filament lead of each tube. The negative filament lead
is grounded in the unit. Filament starting resistors 162 are required to limit the current which flows when connecting
the cold filaments to the full bus voltage. These resistors are not rated for continuous duty and should not be
left in the circuit for longer than 15 seconds.
6.00 ANALYSIS OF OPERATION - COOLING SYSTEM
6.01 General
The cooling system used for this equipment is composed of three parts:
| 1. Distilled water system 2. Raw water system 3. Air cooling system |
7.00 ANALYSIS OF OPERATION - CONTROL CIRCUITS
7.01 General
Any control circuit wire which runs from a given transmitter unit to one or more other units is designated by a
circuit number shown adjacent to the wire on schematic diagram WW-7350119. This circuit number appears as a terminal
board number on each transmitter unit to which the circuit is connected. For example, circuit 189 is "ground"
and appears on the terminal board of practically every transmitter unit in the equipment.
The approximate physical location of a control circuit item can, in general, be determined from the item number
as indicated in section 5.01. The coils and contacts of most relays are separated on the schematic diagram for
the sake of clarity. A dash line on the diagram connects the contacts to the coil which operates them. All contacts
are shown in the "normal" position. (No voltage on the coil, no air flow, or no water flow.) Access door
and similar interlocks and manually operated switches are arbitrarily shown in the open position. Auxiliary switches
mechanically operated by the isolation switches on the basement ceiling are shown in the position which corresponds
to all transmitter units in operation.
All contacts may be assumed to be practically instantaneous in operation unless an arrow is shown connected to
the contact symbol on the diagram. A contact which operates at a definite time after its coil is energized (or
de-energized) may fall into one of the following classes:
|
7.02 Starting up the Transmitter (Manual Step
by Step Control)
In this description, it is assumed that all power switches on the distribution panel and rectifier circuit breaker
unit are closed, their fuses in place and that transfer switches on the distribution panel are closed for the machine
to be used. The 125 volt battery Converti-fuse switch plug should be in place , energizing the coil of the control
voltage transfer relay 835 for the main circuit breaker 418. Battery "on" light 913 will light if switch
985 is closed and fuse 956 is in place. Both the latter are located in the customer’s battery fuse box in the basement.
The step-by-step control switches 954, 923, 924, 925, 926, 927 and 920 should be open.
7.021 Main Transmitter Start
Push button 912 is operated to start up the transmitter, either for automatic or step-by-step manual control. This
energizes the coils of shop MG starter 241 [and main rectifier filament interlocking relay 852 - crossed out] from
the 220 volt AC supply. Starter 241 is provided with a seal-in contact which short circuits the momentary make
contacts of push button 912 as soon as the coil of 241 is energized. When the transmitter is in full operation,
the shop MG supplies 125 volts DC for the rest of the control circuit. [power for the air blower and excitation
for the filament and bias generators. - crossed out] As soon as the self-excited shop generator voltage builds
up, transmitter start light 940 will come up to full brilliance. Incidentally, buzzer 834 sounds at starting until
the shop machine voltage builds up to a value sufficient to open the normally closed contact of relay 267. The
buzzer thus serves to warn those in the building that the equipment is being started up although its primary function
is to indicate overtemperature in the main distilled water outlet header, as described below. The coil of the auxiliary
relay 275 for the air blower starter is energized as soon as the shop generator voltage builds up but the starter
does not operate since switch 923 is open. Since shut down relay 811 is not energized at any time during
the starting up or operation of the equipment, its normally closed contact connects 125 volt shop circuits 15 and
11 at all times except during shut down; hence the coils of all relays, starters and circuit breakers for the cooling
system, filament, bias and plate supplies necessary to bring the transmitter to full operation now have their positive
terminals energized by battery or shop machine. It is now only necessary to connect the other terminals of these
coils to ground in the proper sequence, and through protective devices for apparatus and personnel, to put the
transmitter on the air.
7.022 Main Rectifier Filaments
If main rectifier filament switch 954 is closed, the coil of filament contactor 804 is energized and filament voltage
is applied to the main rectifier tubes 401. This voltage is first applied at reduced value for starting since resistor
829 is in the circuit; after a few seconds the time delay contact on 804 shorts out the resistor applying filament
voltage at the operating value. Voltage is applied to the coil of the rectifier filament 30 minute timing relay
808 at the same time that the coil of 804 is energized. The normally open, time closing contact of this relay is
in series with the plate control circuit and prevents the application of plate voltage until the rectifier filaments
have reached operating temperature. In case it is necessary to remove filament voltage after the warmup period,
for example to change a tube it is not desirable to wait the full 30 minutes for timing relay 808 to again permit
the application of plate voltage since a spare tube has its filament heated ready for an immediate change during
operation. Provision is made for this condition through the use of switch 413 for changing tubes. This switch,
located near the rectifier access door, serves to open the filament contactor without tripping the timing relay
808. The rectifier filament under voltage bell 814, described below, will ring during the time that switch 413
is open. In case line voltage should fail momentarily or switch 954 should be inadvertently operated with the set
on the air, timing relay 808 will trip and require 30 minutes before plate voltage can be reapplied automatically.
However, in each emergency, the timing element in 808 may be rotated manually to the closed contact position if
the cover is removed. The operator should be very sure that the filaments of the rectifier tubes have reached full
operating temperature if destruction of the tubes due to ionic bombardment of the filaments is to be avoided.
THIS PARAGRAPH WAS SCRIBBLED OUT
| It should be noted that rectifier filament voltage may be applied independent of the status of console switch 954 and interlock relay contact 832 through the contacts of 810 and 830. 810 is an electrically operated clock switch to turn on the filaments at a predetermined time each day, omitting any desired days each week automatically. This clock switch may be operated manually if the operator desires to energize the rectifier filaments without starting the shop machine. If the automatic startup feature is not desired at any time, switch 830 may be opened. If the 115 volt AC station lighting circuit supplying this clock switch is opened, it will be necessary to reset the timing device to the correct time. It should be noted that the contacts of clock switch 810 are only closed for about 30 minutes. If, at the end of this time, the operator has not started the shop machine and closed switch 954, the rectifier filament voltage will be removed. |
Main rectifier filament "on" light 939 is so connected that it is dim while the filaments are on
reduced voltage and bright when full voltage is applied.
Since the rectifier tubes may be easily damaged by filament under voltage, an undervoltage protective scheme is
provided. Relays 809, 817, 831-A and 831-B are parts of this system. When undervoltage relay 809 closes its low
voltage contacts, bell 814 rings and timing relay 831-A starts. If the operator has not increased the filament
voltage to normal within approximately ten seconds after the bell starts to ring, the timing contact of 831-A will
close, energizing the coil of relay 831-B which opens its normally closed contact in the plate control circuit.
If the interlock relay 832 is closed, the bell warning will be given if the filament voltage is reduced. However,
if the filament voltage is applied by means of the clock switch, the bell will not operate unless console switch
954 is also closed. When the rectifer filaments are initially heated, the contacts of relay 809 will be in the
low voltage position as shown on the diagram. They thus complete the bell circuit causing it to ring during the
low voltage starting period. The coil of auxiliary relay 817, (on the rear of the control panel) is also energized
at this time, and its contact seals in its coil even during the travel of the 8009 contacts toward the full voltage
position. However, when they reach the full voltage position, they short circuit the coil of relay 817 causing
its sealing contact to open and placing full line voltage across resistor 817-A. The bell will now stop ringing
and timing relay 831-A will trip open. The contacts of relay 809 may now travel slightly away from the full voltage
closed position (as they do on the line voltage transient when the filament MG’s are started) but the bell will
not ring until the voltage drops sufficiently to close the low voltage contact.
7.023 Cooling System
With the shop machine running and auxiliary air blower relay 275 closed as described above, the tube pump, pond
pump, and air blower may be started simultaneously by means of cooling system switch 923, provided that the manual-reset
overload contacts in the coil circuit of each starter have not been tripped. Closing this switch energizes the
coils of the starters 263 for the tube pump, 258 for the pond pump, and 252 for the air blower. The purpose of
auxiliary relay 275 is to keep the air blower starter from chattering when the shop machine voltage has built up
to a low vale during automatic start-up of the apparatus. The coils of pump and blower starters 252, 258 and 263
are provided with "soaking" resistors which are short circuited by normally closed auxiliary contacts
while the starter is closing and are connected to the coil circuits when the starters are closed. The blower starter
252 has three time delay contacts in addition to the normally open pole which connects the negative side of the
line to the motor armature. One is normally closed, time delay opening and serves to short circuit the field rheostat
254 during starting, so that full voltage appears across the field at this time. The other two contacts are normally
open, time delay closing, but are adjusted to different values of operating time. They serve to short circuit first
a part, then all of a resistance in series with the motor armature as the motor speed builds up.
The closing of the above starters is indicated by lights 943, 942 and 941 respectively; each light is energized
by the line voltage and the load side of the starter whose closing it indicates. The 3 phase, 220 volt supply for
the customer’s air blowers in the roof of the transmitter compartments is obtained from the load side of starter
263 for the tube pump. If the operator wishes to check the operation of the tube pump, pond pump or aid blower
separately, he may do so by opening the AC line switches, 261, 256, or 250 for the apparatus he does not wish to
operate. None of these switches should be closed manually when its starter has already closed. If motor line transfer
switches 264, 259 or 253 are used in checking separate operation of cooling system apparatus, false indications
will be given by console lights 942, 942 or 941.
When the tube pump water reaches normal flow, flow interlocks will be closed by the water. The outlet side of the
cooling jacket for each water cooled tube in the equipment is connected to a flow interlock. These are designated
as symbols 535 in the PA’s, 167 in the modulators and 168 for the high power audio tubes. The flow interlocks in
each of the six transmitter units involved are connected in series with the coil of the corresponding flow interlock
relay 815. The coil of each of these relays is energized when the flow interlocks for the corresponding transmitter
unit are all closed; the contacts of relays 815 are all in series with the filament MG control circuit described
below. Green "water on" lights, 523 and 124, are in parallel with the coils of flow relays 815. These
lights, located between the heavy filament load disconnect switches, give an indication that the operator may safely
close the filament disconnect switches for a given unit after filament voltage has been applied to the other units.
The filament load start switches (No. 1) are symbols 507 in the PA’s and 175 in the modulators; the filament run
switches (No. 2) are 506 and 161. Each switch is provided with interlock contacts which close when the main switch
is fully open. The start switch interlocks are 506-A and 161-A. When both filament load disconnect switches in
a unit are fully open, the interlock contacts short circuit the flow interlock contact for that unit so that water
in that unit may be shut off without stopping the filament MG’s. Run switch interlocks 506-A and 161-A are also
utilized to light filament "off" lights 540 and 164 between the water valves on the front panels. The
filament voltage is completely removed from the unit when one of these lights comes on, since, according to nameplate
instructions, main switches 506 and 161 (No. 2) should be opened last when removing filament voltage. In any case,
if the operator attempts to remove water flow from a given unit without completely opening the filament disconnect
switches, filament, bias and plate voltages will automatically be removed from the complete transmitter; these
voltages will be similarly removed if he attempts to apply filament voltage without full water flow, even though
the unit be isolated. This system was incorporated to remove the human element from the protection of the water
cooled tubes, which would probably be destroyed if filament voltage were applied even momentarily without cooling
water flow.
Each PA and modulator is provided with two outlet water over-temperature interlocks, 533 and 171, and the HPA unit
with one, 170. The contacts of these interlocks are paralleled across the coil of a temperature relay 803 for each
unit. When the water temperature exceeds a predetermined value in any unit, the contacts of the corresponding temperature
interlock close, short circuit the coil of relay 803 for that unit causing full shop machine voltage to appear
across coil resistor 803-A. Normally, relays 803 close as soon as the shop machine starts. If the contacts of a
relay 803 open twice within a minute or stay open over 5 seconds, the corresponding transmitter unit is isolated,
or in the case of the high power audio stage, plate voltage is locked out. The operation of this isolation and
lockout circuit is described below.
Another water over-temperature interlock 266 is located near the basement ceiling on the main outlet water header.
Interlock 266 short circuits the coil of telephone relay 267 when the high temperature contacts close, leaving
full shop voltage across resistor 267-A. When the coil of relay 267 is de-energized, its normally open contact
closes, causing alarm buzzer 834 to operate. Temperature interlock 266 is set about 10 degrees F. below the settings
of similar interlocks on the transmitter units, so that the operator generally will be warned before a unit is
isolated or plate voltage locked off due to water over-temperature.
An air pressure interlock 268 is provided on the main air duct, on the basement ceiling underneath the rectifier.
When the air blower is started and air pressure is built up in the duct, the normally open contacts of this interlock
close, energizing the coil of air interlock relay 833. The contacts of relay 833 are in the filament control circuit
described below.
7.024 Low Power Rectifier Filaments
With the shop machine in operation, the low power rectifier filaments may be started at any time by closing switch
924. This switch energizes the coil of L. P. rectifier filament contactor 301, whose contacts light the AC filaments.
A "soaking" resistor 319 is inserted in the common coil circuits of L.P. rectifier contactors 301, 316
and 318 by the opening of a normally closed contact on rectifier plate run contactor 316 when plate voltage is
applied. Red light 944 and timing relay 304 are also energized from the 220 volt AC supply. The timing contacts
of 30 second relay 304 are in the plate control circuit of the L.P. rectifier described below in section 7.027.